1) Inzira yimodoka zitanga hanze ziragaragara
Imodoka muri rusange igizwe na sisitemu ya moteri, sisitemu yo kohereza, sisitemu yo kuyobora, nibindi. Buri sisitemu igizwe nibice byinshi. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibice bigira uruhare muguteranya ibinyabiziga byuzuye, kandi ibisobanuro nubwoko bwibice byimodoka yibirango bitandukanye na moderi nabyo biratandukanye. Bitandukanye nundi, biragoye gukora umusaruro munini usanzwe. Nkumukinnyi wiganje mu nganda, mu rwego rwo kuzamura umusaruro wabo no kunguka inyungu, kandi icyarimwe bigabanya umuvuduko w’amafaranga, imodoka za OEM zagiye ziyambura buhoro buhoro ibice bitandukanye ndetse n’ibice byose maze zishyikirizwa abakora ibice byo hejuru kugirango bashyigikire umusaruro.

2) Igabana ry'umurimo mu bice by'imodoka birasobanutse, byerekana ibiranga umwihariko n'ubunini
Inganda zimodoka zifite ibiranga kugabana urwego rwimirimo myinshi. Ibice bitanga amamodoka bigabanijwe cyane cyane mubice bya mbere, icya kabiri, nicyiciro cya gatatu ukurikije imiterere ya piramide y "ibice, ibice, hamwe ninteko za sisitemu". Abatanga icyiciro cya 1 bafite ubushobozi bwo kwitabira R&D ihuriweho na OEM kandi bafite irushanwa rikomeye ryuzuye. Abatanga icyiciro cya 2 na Tier-3 muri rusange bibanda kubikoresho, inzira yumusaruro no kugabanya ibiciro. Abatanga Tier-2 na Tier-3 barushanwe cyane. Birakenewe gukuraho irushanwa ryaba bahuje ibitsina mukongera R&D kugirango twongere agaciro kongererwa ibicuruzwa no gutezimbere ibicuruzwa.

Nkuko uruhare rwa OEM rugenda ruhinduka buhoro buhoro kuva murwego runini kandi rwuzuye rushyizwe hamwe nuburyo bwo guteranya no kwibanda ku kwibanda kuri R&D no gushushanya imishinga yimodoka yuzuye, uruhare rwabakora ibice byimodoka rwagiye rugenda rwiyongera kuva mubukora neza kugeza iterambere rifatanije na OEM. Ibisabwa mu ruganda mu iterambere no kubyaza umusaruro. Mugihe cyo kugabana imirimo yihariye, uruganda rwihariye kandi runini runini rukora ibice byimodoka bizashingwa buhoro buhoro.

3) Ibice byimodoka bikunda kuba iterambere ryoroheje
A. Kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya bituma uburemere bwumubiri bugenda byanze bikunze mugutezimbere kwimodoka gakondo

Mu rwego rwo guhamagarira kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ibihugu bitandukanye byasohoye amabwiriza agenga ibipimo ngenderwaho bikoreshwa na lisansi ku binyabiziga bitwara abagenzi. Dukurikije amabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho rya Repubulika y’igihugu cyacu, impuzandengo yo gukoresha lisansi y’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu Bushinwa izagabanuka kuva kuri 6.9L / 100km muri 2015 ikagera kuri 5L / 100km muri 2020, igabanuka rikagera kuri 27.5%; Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wasimbuye CO2 ku bushake binyuze mu buryo buteganijwe n'amategeko Amasezerano yo kugabanya ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa ikoreshwa rya lisansi y’ibinyabiziga hamwe n’ibisabwa na CO2 ntarengwa hamwe na sisitemu yo gushyira ibimenyetso mu bihugu by’Uburayi; Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zasohoye ubukungu bw’ibikomoka ku binyabiziga byoroheje n’amabwiriza y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bisaba ko ubukungu bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli bw’imodoka zoroheje zinjira muri Amerika bugera kuri 56.2mpg mu 2025.

Dukurikije amakuru ajyanye n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya Aluminium, uburemere bw’ibinyabiziga bya lisansi bifitanye isano neza no gukoresha peteroli. Kuri buri kugabanya ibiro 100 mumodoka, hafi 0,6L ya lisansi irashobora kuzigama kuri kilometero 100, kandi 800-900g ya CO2 irashobora kugabanuka. Imodoka gakondo ziroroshye muburemere bwumubiri. Umubare ni bumwe mu buryo nyamukuru bwo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere muri iki gihe, kandi byabaye inzira byanze bikunze mu iterambere ry’inganda z’imodoka.

B.Urugendo rwimodoka nshya zingufu ziteza imbere ikoreshwa ryikoranabuhanga ryoroheje
Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bwihuse bwo gukora no kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, intera igenda iracyari ikintu cyingenzi kibuza iterambere ryimodoka zamashanyarazi. Dukurikije amakuru ajyanye n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya Aluminium, uburemere bw’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi bifitanye isano neza n’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi. Usibye ingufu nubucucike bwa bateri yingufu, uburemere bwikinyabiziga cyose nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumurongo wikinyabiziga gifite amashanyarazi. Niba uburemere bwikinyabiziga gifite amashanyarazi meza kigabanutseho 10kg, urugendo rwo kugenda rushobora kwiyongera kuri 2.5km. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryimodoka zamashanyarazi mubihe bishya zikeneye byihutirwa byoroheje.

C.Aluminum alloy ifite ibikorwa byuzuye byuzuye kandi nibikoresho byatoranijwe kumodoka zoroheje.
Hariho uburyo butatu bwingenzi bwo kugera kuburemere: gukoresha ibikoresho byoroheje, gushushanya byoroheje no gukora ibicuruzwa byoroheje. Urebye kubikoresho, ibikoresho byoroheje cyane birimo aluminiyumu, amavuta ya magnesium, fibre karubone hamwe nicyuma gikomeye. Ku bijyanye ningaruka zo kugabanya ibiro, imbaraga-zicyuma-aluminium alloy-magnesium alloy-carbone fibre yerekana inzira yo kongera ingaruka zo kugabanya ibiro; mubijyanye nigiciro, imbaraga-zicyuma-aluminium alloy-magnesium alloy-karubone fibre yerekana uburyo bwo kongera ibiciro. Mubikoresho byoroheje byimodoka, imikorere yuzuye yibikoresho bya aluminiyumu iruta iy'ibyuma, magnesium, plastike nibikoresho bikomatanya, kandi ifite inyungu zigereranya mubijyanye na tekinoroji yo gukoresha, umutekano wibikorwa no gutunganya. Ibarurishamibare ryerekana ko ku isoko ry’ibikoresho byoroheje muri 2020, aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu igera kuri 64%, kandi kuri ubu ni ibikoresho byingenzi byoroheje.