1) Inzira yimodoka yohereza hanze iragaragara
Imodoka muri rusange igizwe na sisitemu ya moteri, sisitemu yo kohereza, sisitemu yo kuyobora, nibindi. Buri sisitemu igizwe nibice byinshi.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibice bigira uruhare muguteranya ibinyabiziga byuzuye, kandi ibisobanuro nubwoko bwimodoka yibirango bitandukanye na moderi nabyo biratandukanye.Bitandukanye nundi, biragoye gukora umusaruro munini usanzwe.Nkumukinnyi wiganje mu nganda, kugirango barusheho kunoza umusaruro no kunguka, kandi icyarimwe bagabanye umuvuduko wamafaranga, imodoka za OEM zagiye ziyambura ibice bitandukanye nibice bitandukanye hanyuma zishyikirizwa abakora ibicuruzwa byo hejuru kugirango bashyigikire umusaruro.

2) Igabana ry'umurimo mu bice by'imodoka birasobanutse, byerekana ibiranga ubuhanga n'ubunini
Inganda zimodoka zifite ibiranga kugabana urwego rwimirimo myinshi.Ibice bitanga amamodoka bigabanijwe cyane cyane mubitanga mbere, icya kabiri, nicyiciro cya gatatu ukurikije imiterere ya piramide y "ibice, ibice, hamwe ninteko za sisitemu".Abatanga icyiciro cya 1 bafite ubushobozi bwo kwitabira R&D ihuriweho na OEM kandi bafite irushanwa rikomeye.Abatanga icyiciro cya 2 na Tier-3 muri rusange bibanda kubikoresho, uburyo bwo gukora no kugabanya ibiciro.Abatanga icyiciro cya 2 na Tier-3 barushanwe cyane.Birakenewe gukuraho irushanwa ryabahuje ibitsina mukongera R&D kugirango twongere agaciro kongererwa ibicuruzwa no guhitamo ibicuruzwa.

Mugihe uruhare rwa OEM rugenda ruhinduka buhoro buhoro kuva murwego runini kandi rwuzuye rushyizwe hamwe nuburyo bwo guteranya hamwe no kwibanda kuri R&D no gushushanya imishinga yimodoka yuzuye, uruhare rwabakora ibinyabiziga rwagiye rugenda rwiyongera kuva mubukora neza kugeza mubikorwa bihuriweho na OEM .Ibisabwa mu ruganda mu iterambere no kubyaza umusaruro.Mugihe cyo kugabana imirimo yihariye, uruganda rukora kandi runini runini rukora amamodoka azashingwa buhoro buhoro.

3) Ibice byimodoka bikunda kuba byoroshye iterambere
A. Kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya imyuka ituma uburemere bwumubiri bugenda byanze bikunze mugutezimbere ibinyabiziga gakondo

Mu rwego rwo gusubiza icyifuzo cyo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ibihugu bitandukanye byashyizeho amabwiriza agenga ibipimo ngenderwaho bikoreshwa n’ibinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi.Dukurikije amabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho rya Repubulika y’igihugu cyacu, impuzandengo yo gukoresha lisansi y’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu Bushinwa izagabanuka kuva kuri 6.9L / 100km muri 2015 ikagera kuri 5L / 100km muri 2020, igitonyanga cya gushika kuri 27.5%;Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wasimbuye CO2 ku bushake binyuze mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko amategeko agenga kugabanya ibyuka byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa ibikoreshwa na lisansi y’ibinyabiziga hamwe na sisitemu ya CO2 ntarengwa hamwe na sisitemu yo gushyiramo ikimenyetso muri EU;Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zasohoye ubukungu bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli n’amabwiriza y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bisaba ko ubukungu bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli bugera kuri 56.2mpg muri 2025.

Dukurikije amakuru ajyanye n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya Aluminium, uburemere bwibinyabiziga bya lisansi bifitanye isano neza no gukoresha peteroli.Kuri buri kugabanya ibiro 100 mumodoka, hafi 0,6L ya lisansi irashobora kuzigama kuri kilometero 100, kandi 800-900g ya CO2 irashobora kugabanuka.Imodoka gakondo ziroroshye muburemere bwumubiri.Quantification nimwe muburyo nyamukuru bwo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi byahindutse inzira byanze bikunze mugutezimbere inganda zimodoka.

B.Ibinyabiziga bigenda byingufu ziteza imbere ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yoroheje
Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bwihuse bwo gukora no kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, intera igenda iracyari ikintu cyingenzi kibuza iterambere ryimodoka.Dukurikije amakuru ajyanye n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya Aluminium, uburemere bwimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifitanye isano neza nogukoresha ingufu.Usibye ingufu nubucucike bwa bateri yingufu, uburemere bwikinyabiziga cyose nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumodoka.Niba uburemere bwikinyabiziga gikora amashanyarazi kigabanutseho 10kg, intera igenda irashobora kwiyongeraho 2.5km.Kubwibyo, iterambere ryimodoka zamashanyarazi mubihe bishya zikeneye byihutirwa byoroheje.

C.Aluminum alloy ifite ibikorwa byuzuye byuzuye kandi nibikoresho byatoranijwe kumodoka zoroheje.
Hariho uburyo butatu bwingenzi bwo kugera kuremereye: gukoresha ibikoresho byoroheje, gushushanya byoroheje no gukora ibicuruzwa byoroheje.Ukurikije ibikoresho, ibikoresho byoroheje birimo aluminiyumu, amavuta ya magnesium, fibre ya karubone hamwe nicyuma gikomeye.Kubijyanye no kugabanya ibiro, imbaraga-zicyuma-aluminium alloy-magnesium alloy-carbone fibre yerekana uburyo bwo kugabanya ibiro;mubijyanye nigiciro, imbaraga-zicyuma-aluminium alloy-magnesium alloy-karubone fibre yerekana uburyo bwo kongera ibiciro.Mubikoresho byoroheje byimodoka, imikorere yuzuye yibikoresho bya aluminiyumu iruta iy'ibyuma, magnesium, plastike nibikoresho bikomatanya, kandi ifite inyungu zigereranya mubijyanye na tekinoroji yo gukoresha, umutekano wibikorwa no kuyitunganya.Imibare irerekana ko mu isoko ryibikoresho byoroheje muri 2020, aluminiyumu ivanze igera kuri 64%, kandi kuri ubu ni ibikoresho byoroheje cyane.